Plant Breeding : Definations

1.Plant breeding : It is the art as well as science of changing and improving the heredity of plant according to need and taste of consumer.
2.Apomixis : Seeds are formed and embryol develop without fertilization. the resulting plant will be identical in genotype to the parent plant.
3.parthenogenesis : The embryo develop from the egg cell without fertilization.
4.chasmogamy : The flower open but only after the pollination has take place eg.mung,udid.
5.clistogamy :The flower dose not open at all. this ensures complete self pollination,since foreign pollen can not reach to stigma.eg.wheat
6.Self pollination: When pollen grains from an anther fall on receptive stigma of the same flower.
7.Cross pollination: Pollen grains from flower of one plant are transfered to receptive stigmaof flower of other plant.
8.Center of origin: Center of origin of a species coincides with the areas where the gretest diversity exist in the plant.
9. Germplasm: The sum total of hereditary meterial of genes prsent in species.
10.Self incompatibility : The pollen and ovules are functional unfruitfulness result from some physiological hindrance, manifested either through failure of pollen to germinate on the stigma or pollen tube fails to enter to the stigma or pollen tube growth is slow to effect fertilization.
11. Male sterility : A condition in which male gametes are inactive or unfunctional.
12. Single cross : A cross between two line.
13.Double cross : A cross between two f1.
14.Three way cross : A cross between a single cross and an inbred.
15.Top cross: This consists of crossing each inbred line with an open pollinated variety.
16.Plant introduction :The process of introducing plant from their growing locality to a new locality.
17.Quarantine:It means to keep meterial in isolation to prevent spreading of disease, pests and weeds etc.
18.Seletion:The process by which the individual plant or grope of plants are sorted out from mixed population.
19. hybrdization: The method of producing new crop varieties in which two or more plants of unlike genetical constitution are crossed togrther.
20.hybrid:The first generation offspring of a cross between two individuals in one or more genes.